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Gemstone Properties
| Name | Structure | Hardness | Specific Gravity | Refractive index | Doubly Refracting (bi-refraction) |
| Abalone | 2.5 | 1.3 | none | ||
| Achroite (Tourmaline) | 7.5 | 3.06 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.018 | |
| Agate ( Chalcedony) | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 | |
| Alexandrite | 8.5 | 3.73 | 1.741 - 1. | ||
| Almandine ( Garnet ) | 7.5 | 4 | 1.76 - 1.8 | None | |
| Amber | 2.5 | 1.08 | 1.54 - 1.5 | Not Availa | |
| Amethyst ( Quartz) | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 | |
| Ammolite | Orthorhombic | 4 | 2.8 | 1.52 - 1.6 | |
| Andalusite | 7.5 | 3.16 | 1.63 - 1.6 | 0.01 | |
| Andradite Garnet | 6.5 | 3.85 | 1.85 - 1.8 | None | |
| Apatite | 5 | 3.2 | 1.63- 1.64 | 0.003 | |
| Aquamarine ( Beryl ) | 7.5 | 2.69 | 1.57 - 1.5 | 0.006 | |
| Aventurine ( Quartz ) | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 | |
| Azurite | Monoclinic | 3.5 | 3.77 | 1.73 - 1.8 | 0.11 |
| Benitoite | Hexagonal | 6.5 | 3.67 | 1.76 - 1.8 | 0.047 |
| Bloodstone ( Chalcedony ) | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 | |
| Brown Quartz ( Smokey Quartz ) | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 | |
| Calcite | 3 | 2.71 | 1.48 - 1.6 | 0.172 | |
| Carnelian ( Chalcedony ) | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 | |
| Cassiterite | 6.5 | 6.95 | 2.00 - 2.1 | 0.1 | |
| Celestine | 3.5 | 3.98 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.01 | |
| Cerussite | 3.5 | 6.51 | 1.80 - 2.0 | 0.274 | |
| Chalcedony | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 | |
| Chatoyant Quartz | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 | |
| Chrysoberyl | 8.5 | 3.71 | 1.74 - 1.7 | 0.009 | |
| Chrysocolla | 2 | 2.2 | 1.57 - 1.6 | 0.03 | |
| Chrysoprase (Chalcedony) | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 | |
| Citrine ( Quartz ) | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 | |
| Coral | 3 | 2.68 | 1.49 - 1.6 | Not Availa | |
| Danburite | 7 | 3 | 1.63 - 1.6 | 0.006 | |
| Diamond | Cubic | 10 | 3.52 | 2.42 | None |
| Diopside | 5.5 | 3.29 | 1.66 - 1.7 | 0.029 | |
| Dioptase | 5 | 3.31 | 1.67 - 1.7 | 0.053 | |
| Dravite ( Tourmaline) | 7.5 | 3.06 | 1.61 - 1.6 | 0.018 | |
| Emerald ( Beryl ) | 7.5 | 2.71 | 1.57 - 1.5 | 0.006 | |
| Enstatite | 5.5 | 3.27 | 1.66 - 1.6 | 0.01 | |
| Epidote | 6.5 | 3.4 | 1.74 - 1.7 | 0.035 | |
| Euclase | Monoclinic | 7.5 | 3.09 - 3.1 | 1.65 - 1.6 | 0.019 |
| Fire Agate (Chalcedony) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Fluorite | Cubic | 4 | 3.18 | 1.43 | None |
| Gold | Cubic | 2.5 | 19.3 | None | None |
| Goshenite (Beryl) | Hexagonal | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.58 - 1.5 | 0.008 |
| Grossular Garnet (Tsavorite Garnet) | Cubic | 7 | 3.49 | 1.69 - 1.7 | none |
| Gypsum | Monoclinic | 2 | 2.32 | 1.52 - 1.5 | 0.01 |
| Heliodor ( Beryl ) | Hexagonal | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.57 - 1.5 | 0.005 |
| Hematite | Trigonal | 6.5 | 5.2 | 2.94 - 3.2 | 0.28 |
| Hessonite (Grossular Garnet) | Cubic | 7.25 | 3.65 | 1.73 - 1.7 | none |
| Imperial Topaz | |||||
| Indicolite ( Tourmaline) | Trigonal | 7.5 | 3.06 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.018 |
| Iolite | Orthorhombic | 7 | 2.63 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.01 |
| Ivory | Amorphous | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.53 - 1.5 | not availa |
| Jadeite | Monoclinic | 7 | 3.33 | 1.66 - 1.6 | 0.012 |
| Jasper (Chalcedony) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Jet | Amorphous | 2.5 | 1.33 | 1.64 - 1.6 | not availb |
| Kornerupine | Orthorhombic | 6.5 | 3.32 | 1.66 - 1.6 | 0.013 |
| Kunzite | Monoclinic | 7 | 3.18 | 1.66 - 1.6 | 0.015 |
| Kyanite | Triclinic | 5 or | 3.68 | 1.71 - 1.7 | 0.017 |
| Labradorite | Triclinic | 6 | 2.7 | 1.56 - 1.5 | 0.01 |
| Lapis Lazuli ( Lazurite) | various | 5.5 | 2.8 | 1.5 | none |
| Lazulite | Monoclinic | 5.5 | 3.1 | 1.61 - 1.6 | 0.031 |
| Malachite | Monoclinic | 4 | 3.8 | 1.85 | 0.025 |
| Meerschaum | Monoclinic | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.51 - 1.5 | none |
| Microcline | Triclinic | 6 | 2.56 | 1.52 - 1.5 | 0.008 |
| Milky Quartz | Trigonal | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 |
| Moonstone | Monoclinic | 6 | 2.57 | 1.52 - 1.5 | 0.005 |
| Morganite ( Beryl) | Hexagonal | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.58 - 1.5 | 0.008 |
| Nephrite ( Jade) | Monoclinic | 6.5 | 2.96 | 1.61 - 1.6 | 0.027 |
| Obsidian | Amorphous | 5 | 2.35 | 1.48 - 1.5 | none |
| Oligoclase | Triclinic | 6 | 2.64 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.007 |
| Onyx | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Opal | Amorphous | 6 | 2.1 | 1.37 - 1.4 | none |
| Orthoclase | Monoclinic | 6 | 2.56 | 1.51 - 1.5 | 0.005 |
| Padparasha ( Corundum) | Trigonal | 9 | 4 | 1.76 - 1.7 | 0.008 |
| Pearl | Orthorhombic | 3 | 2.71 | 1.53 - 1.6 | not availb |
| Peridot | Orthorhombic | 6.5 | 3.34 | 1.64 - 1.6 | 0.036 |
| Pink Topaz ( Mercury Myst Vapor ) | |||||
| Plasma ( Chalcedony) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Prase ( Chalcedony ) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Prehnite | Orthorhombic | 6 | 2.87 | 1.61 - 1.6 | 0.016 |
| Pyrite | Cubic | 6 | 4.9 | none | none |
| Pyrope ( Garnet ) | Cubic | 7.25 | 3.8 | 1.72 - 1.7 | none |
| Rock Crystal ( Quartz ) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.009 |
| Rubellite ( Tourmaline) | Trigonal | 7.5 | 3.06 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.018 |
| Ruby ( Corundum) | Trigonal | 9 | 4 | 1.76 - 1.7 | 0.008 |
| Sapphire ( Corundum) | Trigonal | 9 | 4 | 1.76 - 1.7 | 0.008 |
| Sardonyx ( Chalcedony) | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53 - 1.5 | 0.004 |
| Scapolite | Tetragonal | 6 | 2.7 | 1.54 - 1.5 | 0.02 |
| Schorl (Tourmaline) | Trigonal | 7.5 | 3.06 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.018 |
| Shell | Various | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.53 - 1.5 | not availa |
| Spessarite (Garnet) | Cubic | 7 | 4.16 | 1.79 - 1.8 | none |
| Sphalerite | Cubic | 3.5 | 4.09 | 2.36 - 2.3 | none |
| Spinel | cubic | 8 | 3.6 | 1.71 - 1.7 | none |
| Spodumene (Hiddenite - Triphane) | Monoclinic | 7 | 3.18 | 1.66 - 1.6 | 0.015 |
| Tanzanite (Zoisite) | Orthorhombic | 6.5 | 3.35 | 1.69 - 1.7 | 0.01 |
| Tektites ( Moldavite ) | Currently Out of Stock | 5 | 2.4 | 1.48 - 1.5 | none |
| Tiger Eye | |||||
| Titanite (Sphene) | Monoclinic | 5 | 3.53 | 1.84 - 2.0 | 0.12 |
| Topaz | Orthorhombic | 8 | 3.54 | 1.62 - 1.6 | 0.01 |
| Turquoise | Triclinic | 6 | 2.8 | 1.61 - 1.6 | 0.04 |
| YAG (Garnet) | Isometric | 8.5 | 4.55 | 1.833 | |
| Zircon | Tetragonal | 7.5 | 4.69 | 1.93 - 1.9 | 0.059 |
Wednesday 11/05/2025
- Birth Stone Gems
- Wedding & Anniversary Gems
- How To Guides
- Fireable Gems
- Nonprofits and Guilds
- Gem Show
- Gem Stone Information
- ·Abalone
- ·Achroite (Tourmaline)
- ·Agate ( Chalcedony)
- ·Alexandrite
- ·Almandine ( Garnet )
- ·Amber
- ·Amethyst ( Quartz)
- ·Ammolite
- ·Andalusite
- ·Andradite Garnet
- ·Apatite
- ·Aquamarine ( Beryl )
- ·Aventurine ( Quartz )
- ·Azurite
- ·Benitoite
- ·Bloodstone ( Chalcedony )
- ·Brown Quartz ( Smokey Quartz )
- ·Calcite
- ·Carnelian ( Chalcedony )
- ·Cassiterite
- ·Celestine
- ·Cerussite
- ·Chalcedony
- ·Chatoyant Quartz
- ·Chrysoberyl
- ·Chrysocolla
- ·Chrysoprase (Chalcedony)
- ·Citrine ( Quartz )
- ·Coral
- ·Danburite
- ·Diamond
- ·Diopside
- ·Dioptase
- ·Dravite ( Tourmaline)
- ·Emerald ( Beryl )
- ·Enstatite
- ·Epidote
- ·Euclase
- ·Fire Agate (Chalcedony)
- ·Fluorite
- ·Gold
- ·Goshenite (Beryl)
- ·Grossular Garnet (Tsavorite Garnet)
- ·Gypsum
- ·Heliodor ( Beryl )
- ·Hematite
- ·Hessonite (Grossular Garnet)
- ·Imperial Topaz
- ·Indicolite ( Tourmaline)
- ·Iolite
- ·Ivory
- ·Jadeite
- ·Jasper (Chalcedony)
- ·Jet
- ·Kornerupine
- ·Kunzite
- ·Kyanite
- ·Labradorite
- ·Lapis Lazuli ( Lazurite)
- ·Lazulite
- ·Malachite
- ·Meerschaum
- ·Microcline
- ·Milky Quartz
- ·Moonstone
- ·Morganite ( Beryl)
- ·Nephrite ( Jade)
- ·Obsidian
- ·Oligoclase
- ·Onyx
- ·Opal
- ·Orthoclase
- ·Padparasha ( Corundum)
- ·Pearl
- ·Peridot
- ·Pink Topaz ( Mercury Myst Vapor )
- ·Plasma ( Chalcedony)
- ·Prase ( Chalcedony )
- ·Prehnite
- ·Pyrite
- ·Pyrope ( Garnet )
- ·Rock Crystal ( Quartz )
- ·Rubellite ( Tourmaline)
- ·Ruby ( Corundum)
- ·Sapphire ( Corundum)
- ·Sardonyx ( Chalcedony)
- ·Scapolite
- ·Schorl (Tourmaline)
- ·Shell
- ·Spessarite (Garnet)
- ·Sphalerite
- ·Spinel
- ·Spodumene (Hiddenite - Triphane)
- ·Tanzanite (Zoisite)
- ·Tektites ( Moldavite )
- ·Tiger Eye
- ·Titanite (Sphene)
- ·Topaz
- ·Turquoise
- ·YAG (Garnet)
- ·Zircon